Izinguquko zokusebenza kanye nezici ezithonya ukhonkolo enqubweni yokuqina

Ukumiswa kanye nokuqina kukakhonkolo kufanele kudlule ezinqubweni ezintathu zokusetha kokuqala, ukulungiselelwa kokugcina namandla okuqala, okubonakala ngokuyinhloko ngokufakwa kukasimende. Ukusabela kwe-hydration kasimende kukhipha ukushisa, okubangela ukushisa ukhonkolo, futhi kuzoba nezinguquko zokuqala zevolumu kanye nokuqhekeka okungenzeka. Ukuqonda uhlobo lukakhonkolo kulesi sigaba kunenzuzo enkulu ekulawuleni izinga lokwakhiwa kokhonkolo.

1. Ukusebenza kokuqala nezinguquko zikakhonkolo

Ushintsho lwevolumu yokuqala lukakhonkolo. Lapho ukhonkolo uqina emoyeni owomile, umswakama kukhonkolo uzohwamuka kancane kancane futhi ulahlekelwe, ukuze i-colloid ehlanganisiwe etsheni likasimende izoma kancane kancane futhi inciphe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukushwabana okomile kukakhonkolo; lapho ukhonkolo uqina emanzini isikhathi eside, ngenxa ye-hydration kasimende Okwanele, amanzi angaphakathi mahhala agcwalisa ama-voids namashaneli e-capillary phakathi kwezinhlayiya zekhonkrithi, futhi ukhonkolo uzokhula kancane, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala okumanzi kokhonkolo. . Lolu hlobo lokuncipha, ukwanda okumanzi kanye nokuguqulwa kokhonkolo kubangelwa ukushintsha komswakama kukhonkolo. Inani layo lokukhukhumala elimanzi lincane kakhulu futhi ngeke lidale umonakalo okhonkolo. I-deformation ye-shrinkage kakhonkolo iyingozi kakhulu esakhiweni. Kungase kubangele ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuqina phezu kukakhonkolo, okuzobangela ukuqhekeka kwendawo futhi kuthinte ukuqina kukakhonkolo.

2. Izinto ezithinta ukushwabana kukakhonkolo

⑴Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kukhonkolo kuhlobene eduze nevelu yokuncipha okomisa. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kukhuphuka ngephesenti elithile, inani lokuncipha kokhonkolo lokuncipha likhuphuka ngokuphindwe kabili noma izikhathi eziningana kuleli phesenti. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuyisinyathelo esiyinhloko sokunciphisa inani lokuncipha.

⑵ Isilinganiso samanzi nosimende

Ngokuvamile, ukuxuba okucebile kuvame ukusetshenziselwa isilinganiso esiphansi sikasimende wamanzi, kodwa inani likasimende likhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kweyunithi nakho kukhulu. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo, ukwanda kwenani lokuncipha ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kukasimende wengxube ecebile kudlula inani lokuncipha elincishiswe isilinganiso esiphansi sikasimende samanzi. Ukhonkolo onokuxuba okucebile kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi samanzi-samende ngezinye izikhathi siphezulu kunengxube empofu. Inani lokuncipha lesilinganiso somlotha likhulu. Ngakho-ke, inani likasimende namanzi kufanele lilawulwe ekulungiseleleni ukhonkolo wobumba ukuze kuncishiswe inani le-shrinkage likakhonkolo.

⑶ Izinhlobo zikasimende

Ngokuvamile, izinhlayiya zikasimende wezinga eliphezulu zicolekile futhi zishwabana kakhulu. I-shrinkage eyomile yokhonkolo eyenziwe nge-slag simenti kanye ne-pozzolanic simenti inkulu; i-shrinkage eyomile kakhonkolo eyenziwe nge-fly ash simenti incane; ukuncipha okomile kukakhonkolo owenziwe nge-bauxite usimende kuyashesha. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa isondlo phakathi nenkathi yesikhathi ngemva kokuthululwa kwekhonkrithi. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwendawo kanye nengaphakathi likakhonkolo awukhulu kakhulu, futhi ubuso bukakhonkolo buvinjelwa ekomisweni nasekuqhekekeni ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwamanzi ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi nokuhlukaniswa kwama-aggregate nakho kunomthelela omkhulu ekushwabaneni kukakhonkolo.

Enqubweni yokuqina kokhonkolo, ukuwohloka kokuncipha kungancishiswa, okungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuqina kukakhonkolo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesakhiwo sonke sobunjiniyela.